Departments > Parks, Recreation and Culture > Culture > Victoria, a Cultural Capital of Canada (CCC) > Signs of Lekwungen

Signs of Lekwungen

Established in 2008, the Signs of Lekwungen (pronounced Le-KWUNG-en) is an interpretive walkway along the Inner Harbour and surrounding areas that honours the art, history and culture of the Coast Salish people who have resided in the Victoria area for hundreds of years.

The Songhees and Esquimalt Nations are part of the Coast Salish family and are descendants of the Lekwungen family groups. Lekwungen is the original language of this land.

The Signs of Lekwungen consist of seven unique site markers - bronze castings of original cedar carvings, conceptualized and carved by Coast Salish artist, Butch Dick. The markers depict spindle whorls that were traditionally used by Coast Salish women to spin wool. The spindle whorl was considered the foundation of a Coast Salish family.

Locations

The site markers are placed at seven culturally-significant sites to the Songhees and Esquimalt Nations along the Inner Harbour and surrounding areas, which are as follows:

• the Lower Causeway in the Inner Harbour;
• Songhees Point;
• Laurel Point;
• the site of the south west bastion of the Hudson Bay Company's fort (on the north side of the Malahat building, on Wharf Street);
• the entrance to the Royal BC Museum;
• near City Hall on Pandora Avenue; and
• the Beacon Hill "Lookout".

Brochure

For an online version of the Signs of Lekwungen brochure, which contains a map and descriptions of each site, click here - [PDF 1.2MB].

Print brochures are available at a number of Victoria locations, including:

• Songhees and Esquimalt Nations Band offices
• Victoria Native Friendship Centre
• Victoria City Hall
• Tourism Victoria
• Royal BC Museum
• Maritime Museum of British Columbia
• Greater Victoria Public Libraries
• Victoria community and seniors centres
• Downtown Victoria Business Association
• Greater Victoria Chamber of Commerce

Site Markers

Molds of the original cedar carvings were created by Jack Gibson, a casting specialist and well-respected sculptor among the First Nations. The molds were then cast in bronze by Jacob Burton of the Burton Bronze Foundry on Salt Spring Island.

Each bronze casting is a disk, 106.7 centimetres (42 inches) in diameter, which is anchored to a brown powder-coated aluminum pole. Site markers are approximately 2.5 metres (8 feet, 4 inches) in height and weigh close to 455 kilograms (1,000 pounds).

Each spindle whorl is anchored on an angle to a grey granite base. Underneath lies a sandblasted map of the Inner Harbour, illustrating the locations of the seven markers.

The base's top is inscribed with the traditional place name (where applicable), phonetically in Lekwungen as well as in English.

The Original Carvings

Clear, close-grain red cedar was used to carve the whorls. The cedar tree was, and still is, sacred to the Coast Salish. From the cedar tree, ancestors were able to make such items as clothing, blankets, houses, canoes, paddles, totem poles and paint brushes.

Chief Robert Sam of the Songhees Nation and Chief Andy Thomas of the Esquimalt Nation nominated Butch Dick as the commissioned artist for the project.

Butch Dick is the master carver for the Signs of Lekwungen. Trained in fine art and graphic design, Butch has taught First Nations Art and Culture in School District 61 for more than 20 years and is currently an Assistant Professor at the University of Victoria, teaching an Indigenous Learning course.

His sons, artists Clarence and Bradley Dick, assisted him with two of the whorl carvings.

Below is a list of the site marker locations and the themes of each carving. The Lekwungen and English names for each site marker and their cultural significance can be found in the Signs of Lekwungen brochure - [PDF 1.2MB].

Songhees Point

• Carving theme: Four Seasons of the Salmon Family
• The four salmon families are represented: Sockeye, Coho, Chum and Spring

Site of the South West Bastion of the Hudson's Bay Company Fort
(north side of the Malahat building on Wharf Street)

• Carving theme: Walk in Two Worlds
• Recognizes colonization

Outside City Hall

• Carving theme: Seim Speaker (a person held in high esteem who speaks for the people)
• The eagle is the messenger of the sun (grandfather) and the moon (grandmother) who guides man, represented by the figure in the middle of the carving.

Lower Causeway of Inner Harbour

• Carving theme: Four Directions of the Eagle
• Eagles are the messengers of the sun (grandfather) and the moon (grandmother) and are far-sighted and strong

Beacon Hill "Lookout"

• Carving theme: The Cairens (rocks placed in circular patterns to signify ancient burial sites)
• Sea otters are the keepers of spiritual powers; "little people" are playful spirits who assist others

Royal BC Museum

• Carving theme: Celebrate Diversity
• Three Nations on Vancouver Island: Kwakwaka'wakw, Nuu-chah-nulth and Coast Salish

Laurel Point

• Carving theme: Four Winds
• Each wind carries a healing power and a song

The seven original carvings are displayed in the foyers of Victoria City Hall.

Blessing and Unveiling Ceremony
A blessing and unveiling ceremony was held at the end of September at the site marker located on the lower causeway of the Inner Harbour. The purpose of this event was to convey the artistic, historical and cultural significance of the seven sites, honour the work of Coast Salish artist Butch Dick, and promote the Signs of Lekwungen as an interpretive walkway for residents and visitors to explore.

Background

In 2004, the City of Victoria, Songhees and Esquimalt Nations, Provincial Capital Commission, and Greater Victoria Harbour Authority, developed a concept for a self-guided, interpretive walkway along the Inner Harbour and surrounding areas that would promote the artistic, historical and cultural contributions of the Coast Salish people. The walkway would consist of the installation of site markers at culturally-significant sites.

In 2005, the City of Victoria was designated a Cultural Capital of Canada by the Government of Canada, Department of Canadian Heritage, Cultural Capitals of Canada Program. With this designation came funding to support seven arts and culture projects, one of which was the Signs of Lekwungen. For more information on the Cultural Capitals of Canada Program and the six other projects, click here.

In 2006, project research commenced. The initial idea was to install the original cedar carvings at the base of the spindles. Due to concerns over the preservation of the carvings, it was decided that bronze castings would better serve the purpose.

In 2007, the City of Victoria received a Community Tourism Grant from the Province of British Columbia through the Union of British Columbia Municipalities, which helped pay for the bronze casting.

By 2008, all seven carvings were completed. Work then began to create the molds at the Jack Gibson Studio Gallery in Richmond for casting in bronze at the Burton Bronze Foundry on Salt Spring Island. All seven site markers were installed in Victoria by the end of September 2008.

Project Partners

Project partners include the Songhees and Esquimalt Nations; the City of Victoria; the Government of Canada, Department of Canadian Heritage, Cultural Capitals of Canada Program; the Province of British Columbia; the Provincial Capital Commission; the Greater Victoria Harbour Authority; and the Union of British Columbia Municipalities.

Contact Us

For more information, contact:

Katie Josephson
Director, Communications
City of Victoria
250.361.0210
Email Katie Josephson

[back]